Lunar Calendar
Primitive man did not have this limitation and had a view of the sky as clear as you can only see in the field. The main cycles that could be seen were the sun and the moon and the first natural divisions were the "Day" and "Moon", "Lunation" or "LUNAR YEAR."
A subdivision of the lunar cycle were the "quarters" or phases of the moon. In our time it is reflected as MES and weeks, as the lunar cycle is 29.5 days or so and fourth last about 7 days each.
Nomadic tribes used this division time as only collect food from nature or where grazing had some animals in later stages.
The solar calendar
When man discovered agriculture had to adapt to a longer cycle, which was the planting and harvesting, which was closely linked to the rainy and dry. Seeing the temperature variations at different times, he found that were linked to an apparent movement of the sun, which, for the people living in the Northern Hemisphere temperate zone, seemed to travel south in the winter and northward in the summer.
This cycle coincided with long periods of emigration of some animal species, with the flowering of some plants, with the rainy season, cold and heat, among others, and considered that lasted 360 days of round numbers or twelve lunar months, and and was used by the Egyptians 4,000 years before our era.
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